Every second counts when it comes to a stroke. Often referred to as a “brain attack,” a stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts. Without oxygen, brain cells begin to die within minutes. While strokes can happen suddenly and without warning, medical research has shown that the body often sends out urgent distress signals about 15 minutes before a stroke actually occurs. Recognizing these signs in time can mean the difference between life and death — or between full recovery and permanent disability.

Here are four clear warning signs the body may give shortly before a stroke strikes. Knowing them could save your life or the life of someone you love.

1. Sudden Numbness or Weakness, Especially on One Side

One of the most classic signs of an impending stroke is sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially if it affects only one side of the body. A person may suddenly be unable to raise one arm or might feel their face drooping. They may complain that their leg has gone numb or feels unusually heavy. These symptoms often come on rapidly and without clear cause. If you or someone near you experiences this, act immediately.

2. Difficulty Speaking or Understanding Speech

Another critical warning sign is trouble speaking or confusion. The person may suddenly slur their words, be unable to find the right words, or speak in sentences that don’t make sense. In some cases, they may have difficulty understanding what others are saying to them. This is a sign that parts of the brain responsible for language and communication are being affected — and it may be just minutes before a full stroke occurs.

3. Sudden Vision Problems

Blurred or double vision, or a sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes, can also be a signal that a stroke is imminent. These symptoms are caused by a lack of blood flow to the part of the brain that controls vision. Sometimes, people may describe it as a shadow or curtain coming down over their field of vision. These changes can occur without pain and may be easily overlooked — but they should never be ignored.

4. Severe Dizziness or Loss of Balance

If a person suddenly experiences dizziness, loss of coordination, or trouble walking, it may indicate a stroke is about to happen. They may feel lightheaded, stumble, or even collapse. This symptom is especially alarming if it occurs along with any of the other signs listed above. The brain is struggling, and immediate medical attention is crucial.

What You Should Do

If you notice any of these symptoms — even if they disappear after a few minutes — call emergency services immediately. Time lost is brain lost. Quick intervention, such as administering clot-busting medication, can significantly reduce the damage caused by a stroke if given within the first few hours. Never assume the person is just tired or stressed. It is far better to overreact than to regret not acting in time.

Remember the acronym FAST:

• Face drooping

• Arm weakness

• Speech difficulty

• Time to call emergency services

Strokes can happen to anyone, at any age. But by being aware of the warning signs, especially those that may occur just minutes before the attack, you greatly improve the chances of survival and recovery. Don’t wait. Trust your instincts, recognize the signals, and get help fast. It could be the call that saves a life — maybe even your own.