Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition that affects millions of people worldwide, yet it often goes undiagnosed. Its hallmark symptom—an irresistible urge to move the legs—can severely disrupt sleep and overall quality of life.

What Is Restless Legs Syndrome?

RLS is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs that worsen during periods of rest. These sensations typically improve with movement but return when stillness resumes.

Common Symptoms of RLS

People with RLS describe sensations such as:

• Tingling or crawling feelings

• Burning or aching discomfort

• Pulling or itching deep in the legs

• An uncontrollable need to move

Symptoms usually intensify at night, making sleep difficult.

Why RLS Disrupts Sleep

Sleep requires stillness. RLS makes stillness uncomfortable, causing:

• Difficulty falling asleep

• Frequent nighttime awakenings

• Reduced sleep quality

• Daytime fatigue and irritability

Over time, chronic sleep deprivation can affect mood, memory, and immune health.

What Causes Restless Legs Syndrome?

The exact cause isn’t always clear, but contributing factors include:

• Dopamine imbalance in the brain

• Iron deficiency

• Chronic kidney disease

• Pregnancy

• Peripheral neuropathy

• Certain medications

Genetics may also play a role.

RLS and Mental Health

Poor sleep caused by RLS is linked to increased rates of:

• Anxiety

• Depression

• Cognitive impairment

This creates a cycle where stress worsens symptoms, and symptoms worsen stress.

Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation

RLS is diagnosed based on symptom history rather than imaging tests. Doctors may evaluate iron levels, kidney function, and medication use.

Treatment Options

Management often includes:

• Iron supplementation if deficient

• Dopamine-modulating medications

• Lifestyle changes such as reducing caffeine

• Gentle stretching before bed

Final Thoughts

Restless Legs Syndrome is more than a minor inconvenience—it can severely impact sleep and daily functioning. Early recognition and targeted treatment can dramatically improve quality of life.